std::ranges::remove_copy, std::ranges::remove_copy_if, std::ranges::remove_copy_result, std::ranges::remove_copy_if_result

 

C++

Compiler support

Freestanding and hosted

Language

Standard library

Standard library headers

Named requirements

Feature test macros (C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Metaprogramming library (C++11)

Diagnostics library

General utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Numerics library

Localizations library

Input/output library

Filesystem library (C++17)

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Concurrency support library (C++11)

Execution support library (C++26)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

Algorithm library

Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy, ranges::sort, ...
Execution policies (C++17)
is_execution_policy (C++17)   execution::seqexecution::parexecution::par_unseqexecution::unseq (C++17)    (C++17)(C++17)(C++20)	execution::sequenced_policyexecution::parallel_policyexecution::parallel_unsequenced_policyexecution::parallel_unsequenced (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)(C++20)
Non-modifying sequence operations Batch operations for_each for_each_n (C++17) Search operations all_ofany_ofnone_of (C++11)                (C++11)(C++11) countcount_if mismatch equal findfind_iffind_if_not (C++11) find_end find_first_of adjacent_find search search_n Modifying sequence operations Copy operations copycopy_if (C++11) copy_backward copy_n (C++11) move (C++11) move_backward (C++11) Swap operations swap iter_swap swap_ranges Transformation operations replacereplace_if transform replace_copyreplace_copy_if Generation operations fill fill_n generate generate_n Removing operations removeremove_if unique remove_copyremove_copy_if unique_copy Order-changing operations reverse reverse_copy rotate rotate_copy random_shuffleshuffle (until C++17)(C++11) shift_leftshift_right (C++20)(C++20) Sampling operations sample (C++17)	Sorting and related operations Partitioning operations partition partition_copy (C++11)   stable_partition is_partitioned (C++11) partition_point (C++11) Sorting operations sort stable_sort partial_sort partial_sort_copy is_sorted (C++11) is_sorted_until (C++11) nth_element Binary search operations (on partitioned ranges) lower_bound upper_bound equal_range binary_search Set operations (on sorted ranges) includes set_union set_intersection set_difference set_symmetric_difference Merge operations (on sorted ranges) merge inplace_merge Heap operations push_heap pop_heap make_heap sort_heap is_heap (C++11) is_heap_until (C++11) Minimum/maximum operations max min minmax (C++11) clamp (C++17) max_element min_element minmax_element (C++11) Lexicographical comparison operations lexicographical_compare lexicographical_compare_three_way (C++20) Permutation operations next_permutation prev_permutation is_permutation (C++11) C library qsort bsearch
Numeric operations
iota (C++11) inner_product adjacent_difference    accumulate reduce (C++17) transform_reduce (C++17)	partial_sum inclusive_scan (C++17)    exclusive_scan (C++17) transform_inclusive_scan (C++17) transform_exclusive_scan (C++17)
Operations on uninitialized memory
uninitialized_copy uninitialized_move (C++17)    uninitialized_fill uninitialized_copy_n (C++11) uninitialized_move_n (C++17) uninitialized_fill_n	destroy (C++17) destroy_n (C++17) destroy_at (C++17) construct_at (C++20)       uninitialized_default_construct (C++17) uninitialized_value_construct (C++17) uninitialized_default_construct_n (C++17) uninitialized_value_construct_n (C++17)

 

Constrained algorithms

All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges

Non-modifying sequence operations

all_ofany_ofnone_of for_each for_each_n    countcount_if adjacent_find mismatch equal lexicographical_compare    containscontains_subrange (C++23)(C++23) findfind_iffind_if_not find_lastfind_last_iffind_last_if_not (C++23)(C++23)(C++23)   find_end find_first_of search search_n starts_with (C++23) ends_with (C++23)

Modifying sequence operations

copycopy_if copy_n copy_backward    move move_backward shift_leftshift_right (C++23)(C++23)   fill fill_n generate generate_n    transform swap_ranges    shuffle sample removeremove_if replacereplace_if reverse rotate remove_copyremove_copy_if    unique replace_copyreplace_copy_if reverse_copy rotate_copy unique_copy

Partitioning operations

is_partitioned    partition_point    partition    partition_copy    stable_partition

Sorting operations

is_sorted is_sorted_until     sort stable_sort         partial_sort       nth_element partial_sort_copy

Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)

lower_bound         upper_bound         binary_search      equal_range

Set operations (on sorted ranges)

merge inplace_merge       set_difference set_intersection    set_union          includes set_symmetric_difference

Heap operations

is_heap is_heap_until       make_heap           sort_heap push_heap pop_heap

Minimum/maximum operations

max max_element         min min_element         minmax minmax_element     clamp

Permutation operations

is_permutation      next_permutation    prev_permutation

Fold operations

fold_left (C++23) fold_left_first (C++23)   fold_right (C++23) fold_right_last (C++23)   fold_left_with_iter (C++23) fold_left_first_with_iter (C++23)

Numeric operations iota (C++23)             Random number generation generate_random (C++26)

Operations on uninitialized storage

construct_at    destroy destroy_n destroy_at uninitialized_copy    uninitialized_move uninitialized_fill uninitialized_copy_n    uninitialized_move_n uninitialized_fill_n uninitialized_default_construct uninitialized_default_construct_n uninitialized_value_construct uninitialized_value_construct_n

Return types

in_fun_result in_in_result in_found_result    in_out_result in_in_out_result    in_out_out_result    min_max_result out_value_result (C++23) in_value_result (C++23)

 

Defined in header <algorithm>
Call signature
	(1)
template< std::input_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,           std::weakly_incrementable O, class T, class Proj = std::identity > requires std::indirectly_copyable<I, O> &&          std::indirect_binary_predicate              <ranges::equal_to, std::projected<I, Proj>, const T*> constexpr remove_copy_result<I, O>     remove_copy( I first, S last, O result, const T& value, Proj proj = {} );			(since C++20) (until C++26)
template< std::input_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,           std::weakly_incrementable O, class Proj = std::identity,           class T = std::projected_value_t<I, Proj> > requires std::indirectly_copyable<I, O> &&          std::indirect_binary_predicate              <ranges::equal_to, std::projected<I, Proj>, const T*> constexpr remove_copy_result<I, O>     remove_copy( I first, S last, O result, const T& value, Proj proj = {} );			(since C++26)
		(2)
template< ranges::input_range R,           std::weakly_incrementable O, class T, class Proj = std::identity > requires std::indirectly_copyable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, O> &&          std::indirect_binary_predicate              <ranges::equal_to,               std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*> constexpr remove_copy_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>     remove_copy( R&& r, O result, const T& value, Proj proj = {} );				(since C++20) (until C++26)
template< ranges::input_range R,           std::weakly_incrementable O, class Proj = std::identity,           class T = std::projected_value_t<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj> > requires std::indirectly_copyable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, O> &&          std::indirect_binary_predicate              <ranges::equal_to,               std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*> constexpr remove_copy_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>     remove_copy( R&& r, O result, const T& value, Proj proj = {} );				(since C++26)
template< std::input_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,           std::weakly_incrementable O, class Proj = std::identity,           std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<I, Proj>> Pred > requires std::indirectly_copyable<I, O> constexpr remove_copy_if_result<I, O>     remove_copy_if( I first, S last, O result, Pred pred, Proj proj = {} );			(3)	(since C++20)
template< ranges::input_range R,           std::weakly_incrementable O, class Proj = std::identity,           std::indirect_unary_predicate<               std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred > requires std::indirectly_copyable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, O> constexpr remove_copy_if_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>     remove_copy_if( R&& r, O result, Pred pred, Proj proj = {} );			(4)	(since C++20)
Helper types
template< class I, class O > using remove_copy_result = ranges::in_out_result<I, O>;			(5)	(since C++20)
template< class I, class O > using remove_copy_if_result = ranges::in_out_result<I, O>;			(6)	(since C++20)

Copies elements from the source range [first, last), to the destination range beginning at result, omitting the elements which (after being projected by proj) satisfy specific criteria. The behavior is undefined if the source and destination ranges overlap.

1) Ignores all elements that are equal to value.

3) Ignores all elements for which predicate pred returns true.

2,4) Same as (1,3), but uses r as the source range, as if using ranges::begin(r) as first, and ranges::end(r) as last.

The function-like entities described on this page are niebloids, that is:

• Explicit template argument lists cannot be specified when calling any of them.
• None of them are visible to argument-dependent lookup.
• When any of them are found by normal unqualified lookup as the name to the left of the function-call operator, argument-dependent lookup is inhibited.

In practice, they may be implemented as function objects, or with special compiler extensions.

Parameters

first, last	-	the source range of elements
r	-	the source range of elements
result	-	the beginning of the destination range
value	-	the value of the elements not to copy
comp	-	the binary predicate to compare the projected elements
proj	-	the projection to apply to the elements

Return value

{last, result + N}, where N is the number of elements copied.

Complexity

Exactly ranges::distance(first, last) applications of the corresponding predicate comp and any projection proj.

Notes

The algorithm is stable, i.e. preserves the relative order of the copied elements.

Feature-test macro	Value	Std	Feature
__cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type	202403	(C++26)	List-initialization for algorithms (1,2)

Possible implementation

remove_copy
struct remove_copy_fn { template<std::input_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, std::weakly_incrementable O, class Proj = std::identity, class T = std::projected_value_t<I, Proj>> requires std::indirectly_copyable<I, O> && std::indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, std::projected<I, Proj>, const T*> constexpr ranges::remove_copy_result<I, O> operator()(I first, S last, O result, const T& value, Proj proj = {}) const { for (; !(first == last); ++first) if (value != std::invoke(proj, *first)) { *result = *first; ++result; } return {std::move(first), std::move(result)}; }   template<ranges::input_range R, std::weakly_incrementable O, class Proj = std::identity, class T = std::projected_value_t<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> requires std::indirectly_copyable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, O> && std::indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*> constexpr ranges::remove_copy_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O> operator()(R&& r, O result, const T& value, Proj proj = {}) const { return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::move(result), value, std::move(proj)); } };   inline constexpr remove_copy_fn remove_copy {};
remove_copy_if
struct remove_copy_if_fn { template<std::input_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, std::weakly_incrementable O, class Proj = std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<I, Proj>> Pred> requires std::indirectly_copyable<I, O> constexpr ranges::remove_copy_if_result<I, O> operator()(I first, S last, O result, Pred pred, Proj proj = {}) const { for (; first != last; ++first) if (false == std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj, *first))) { *result = *first; ++result; } return {std::move(first), std::move(result)}; }   template<ranges::input_range R, std::weakly_incrementable O, class Proj = std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate< std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred> requires std::indirectly_copyable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, O> constexpr ranges::remove_copy_if_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O> operator()(R&& r, O result, Pred pred, Proj proj = {}) const { return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::move(result), std::move(pred), std::move(proj)); } };   inline constexpr remove_copy_if_fn remove_copy_if {};

Example

Run this code

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <complex>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <string_view>
#include <vector>
 
void println(const auto rem, const auto& v)
{
    std::cout << rem << ' ';
    for (const auto& e : v)
        std::cout << e << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
}
 
int main()
{
    // Filter out the hash symbol from the given string.
    const std::string_view str{"#Small #Buffer #Optimization"};
    std::cout << "before: " << std::quoted(str) << '\n';
 
    std::cout << "after:  \"";
    std::ranges::remove_copy(str.begin(), str.end(),
                             std::ostream_iterator<char>(std::cout), '#');
    std::cout << "\"\n";
 
    // Copy only the complex numbers with positive imaginary part.
    using Ci = std::complex<int>;
    constexpr std::array<Ci, 5> source
    {
        Ci{1, 0}, Ci{0, 1}, Ci{2, -1}, Ci{3, 2}, Ci{4, -3}
    };
    std::vector<std::complex<int>> target;
 
    std::ranges::remove_copy_if
    (
        source,
        std::back_inserter(target),
        [](int imag) { return imag <= 0; },
        [](Ci z) { return z.imag(); }
    );
 
    println("source:", source);
    println("target:", target);
 
    std::vector<std::complex<float>> nums{{2, 2}, {1, 3}, {4, 8}, {1, 3}};
    std::vector<std::complex<double>> outs;
    #ifdef __cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type
        std::remove_copy(nums.cbegin(), nums.cend(), std::back_inserter(outs),
                         {1, 3}); // T gets deduced to std::complex<float>
    #else
        std::remove_copy(nums.cbegin(), nums.cend(), std::back_inserter(outs),
                         std::complex<float>{1, 3});
    #endif
    println("nums:  ", nums);
    println("outs:  ", outs);
}

Output:

before: "#Small #Buffer #Optimization"
after:  "Small Buffer Optimization"
source: (1,0) (0,1) (2,-1) (3,2) (4,-3)
target: (0,1) (3,2)
nums:   (2,2) (1,3) (4,8) (1,3)
outs:   (2,2) (4,8)

See also

ranges::removeranges::remove_if (C++20)(C++20)	removes elements satisfying specific criteria (niebloid)
ranges::copyranges::copy_if (C++20)(C++20)	copies a range of elements to a new location (niebloid)
ranges::copy_n (C++20)	copies a number of elements to a new location (niebloid)
ranges::copy_backward (C++20)	copies a range of elements in backwards order (niebloid)
ranges::replace_copyranges::replace_copy_if (C++20)(C++20)	copies a range, replacing elements satisfying specific criteria with another value (niebloid)
ranges::reverse_copy (C++20)	creates a copy of a range that is reversed (niebloid)
ranges::rotate_copy (C++20)	copies and rotate a range of elements (niebloid)
ranges::unique_copy (C++20)	creates a copy of some range of elements that contains no consecutive duplicates (niebloid)
remove_copyremove_copy_if	copies a range of elements omitting those that satisfy specific criteria (function template)