std::chrono::operator<< (std::chrono::duration)

 

C++

Compiler support

Freestanding and hosted

Language

Standard library

Standard library headers

Named requirements

Feature test macros (C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Metaprogramming library (C++11)

Diagnostics library

General utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Numerics library

Localizations library

Input/output library

Filesystem library (C++17)

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Concurrency support library (C++11)

Execution support library (C++26)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

Utilities library

Language support Type support (basic types, RTTI) Library feature-test macros (C++20) Dynamic memory management Program utilities Coroutine support (C++20) Variadic functions is_constant_evaluated (C++20) is_within_lifetime (C++26) initializer_list (C++11) source_location (C++20) Three-way comparison three_way_comparablethree_way_comparable_with (C++20)(C++20) strong_ordering (C++20) weak_ordering (C++20) partial_ordering (C++20) common_comparison_category (C++20) compare_three_way_result (C++20) compare_three_way (C++20) strong_order (C++20) weak_order (C++20) partial_order (C++20) compare_strong_order_fallback (C++20) compare_weak_order_fallback (C++20) compare_partial_order_fallback (C++20)   is_eqis_ltis_lteq (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)   is_neqis_gtis_gteq (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)

General utilities Date and time Function objects Formatting library (C++20)   bitset hash (C++11) Relational operators (deprecated in C++20) rel_ops::operator!=rel_ops::operator>    rel_ops::operator<=rel_ops::operator>= Integer comparison functions cmp_equalcmp_lesscmp_less_than (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)   cmp_not_equalcmp_greatercmp_greater_than (C++20)(C++20)(C++20) in_range (C++20) Swap and type operations swap ranges::swap (C++20) exchange (C++14) declval (C++11) to_underlying (C++23) forward (C++11) forward_like (C++23) move (C++11) move_if_noexcept (C++11) as_const (C++17) Common vocabulary types pair tuple (C++11) optional (C++17) any (C++17) variant (C++17) tuple_size (C++11) tuple_element (C++11) apply (C++17) make_from_tuple (C++17) expected (C++23) Elementary string conversions to_chars (C++17) from_chars (C++17) chars_format (C++17) to_chars_result (C++17) from_chars_result (C++17)

 

Date and time utilities

Time point
time_point (C++11)	clock_time_conversion (C++20)	clock_cast (C++20)
Duration
duration (C++11)
Clocks
system_clock (C++11) steady_clock (C++11) is_clock (C++20)	utc_clock (C++20) tai_clock (C++20) high_resolution_clock (C++11)	gps_clock (C++20) file_clock (C++20) local_t (C++20)
Time of day
is_amis_pm (C++20)(C++20)	make12make24 (C++20)(C++20)	hh_mm_ss (C++20)
Calendar
day (C++20) month (C++20) year (C++20) weekday (C++20) operator/ (C++20) year_month_day (C++20)	year_month_day_last (C++20) year_month_weekday (C++20) year_month_weekday_last (C++20)   weekday_indexed (C++20) weekday_last (C++20) month_day (C++20)	month_day_last (C++20) month_weekday (C++20) month_weekday_last (C++20) year_month (C++20) last_speclast (C++20)(C++20)
Time zone
tzdb (C++20) tzdb_list (C++20) get_tzdbget_tzdb_listreload_tzdbremote_version (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)(C++20)   sys_info (C++20)	local_info (C++20) nonexistent_local_time (C++20) ambiguous_local_time (C++20) locate_zone (C++20) current_zone (C++20) time_zone (C++20) choose (C++20)	zoned_traits (C++20) zoned_time (C++20) time_zone_link (C++20) leap_second (C++20) leap_second_info (C++20) get_leap_second_info (C++20)
chrono I/O
parse (C++20)
C-style date and time

 

std::chrono::duration

Member functions
duration::duration duration::operator= duration::count duration::zero duration::min duration::max duration::operator+duration::operator-	duration::operator++duration::operator-- duration::operator+=duration::operator-=duration::operator*=duration::operator/=duration::operator%=
Non-member functions
operator+operator-operator*operator/operator% operator==operator!=operator<operator<=operator>operator>=operator<=> (until C++20)(C++20) operator<< (C++20)	duration_cast floor (C++17) ceil (C++17) round (C++17) abs (C++17) operator""h (C++14) operator""min (C++14) operator""s (C++14) operator""ms (C++14) operator""us (C++14) operator""ns (C++14) from_stream (C++20)
Helper classes
common_type treat_as_floating_point      duration_values	formatter<std::chrono::duration> (C++20) hash<std::chrono::duration> (C++26)

 

Defined in header <chrono>
template<     class CharT,     class Traits,     class Rep,     class Period > std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>&     operator<<( std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>& os,                 const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& d );		(since C++20)

Inserts a textual representation of d into os.

Behaves as if it was implemented as

std::basic_ostringstream<CharT, Traits> s;
s.flags(os.flags());
s.imbue(os.getloc());
s.precision(os.precision());
s << d.count() << units_suffix; // see below
return os << s.str();

In other words, the stream flags, locale, and precision are determined by the stream, but any padding are determined using the entire output string.

The units_suffix is determined based on Period::type according to the following table.

Period::type	Suffix
std::atto	as
std::femto	fs
std::pico	ps
std::nano	ns
std::micro	µs (U+00B5) or us, it is implementation-defined which one is used
std::milli	ms
std::centi	cs
std::deci	ds
std::ratio<1>	s
std::deca	das
std::hecto	hs
std::kilo	ks
std::mega	Ms
std::giga	Gs
std::tera	Ts
std::peta	Ps
std::exa	Es
std::ratio<60>	min
std::ratio<3600>	h
std::ratio<86400>	d
None of the above, and Period::type::den == 1	[num]s
None of the above	[num/den]s

For the last two rows of the table, num and den in the suffix are Period::type::num and Period::type::den formatted as a decimal number with no leading zeroes, respectively.

Return value

A reference to the stream, i.e., os.

Example

This example shows the output of std::chrono::operator<< when given a duration:

Run this code

#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
int main()
{
    constexpr auto duration = 123ms;
    std::cout << duration << '\n';
}

Output:

123ms

See also

format (C++20)	stores formatted representation of the arguments in a new string (function template)
std::formatter<std::chrono::duration> (C++20)	formatting support for duration (class template specialization)
operator<<operator>>	performs stream input and output on strings (function template)
to_string (C++11)	converts an integral or floating-point value to string (function)
to_wstring (C++11)	converts an integral or floating-point value to wstring (function)