std::condition_variable_any::wait_until

template< class Lock, class Clock, class Duration > std::cv_status wait_until( Lock& lock, const std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time );	(1)	(since C++11)
template< class Lock, class Clock, class Duration, class Predicate > bool wait_until( Lock& lock, const std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time, Predicate pred );	(2)	(since C++11)
template< class Lock, class Clock, class Duration, class Predicate > bool wait_until( Lock& lock, std::stop_token stoken, const std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time, Predicate pred );	(3)	(since C++20)

wait_until causes the current thread to block until the condition variable is notified, the given duration has been elapsed, or a spurious wakeup occurs. pred can be optionally provided to detect spurious wakeup.

1) Atomically calls lock.unlock() and blocks on *this.

The thread will be unblocked when notify_all() or notify_one() is executed, or abs_time is reached. It may also be unblocked spuriously.

When unblocked, calls lock.lock() (possibly blocking on the lock), then returns.

2,3) Waiting for a specific condition to become true, can be used to ignore spurious awakenings.

2) Equivalent to while (!pred())
if (wait_until(lock, abs_time) == std::cv_status::timeout)
return pred();
return true;.

3) Registers *this for the duration of this call, to be notified if a stop request is made on stoken's associated stop-state; it is then equivalent to while (!stoken.stop_requested())
{
if (pred())
return true;
if (wait_until(lock, abs_time) == std::cv_status::timeout)
return pred();
}
return pred();.

Right after wait_until returns, lock is locked by the calling thread. If this postcondition cannot be satisfied^[1], calls std::terminate.

↑ This can happen if the re-locking of the mutex throws an exception.

Parameters

lock	-	an lock which must be locked by the calling thread
stoken	-	a stop token to register interruption for
abs_time	-	the time point where waiting expires
pred	-	the predicate to check whether the waiting can be completed
Type requirements
- `Lock` must meet the requirements of BasicLockable.
- `Predicate` must meet the requirements of FunctionObject.
- pred() must be a valid expression, and its type and value category must meet the BooleanTestable requirements.

Return value

1) std::cv_status::timeout if abs_time has been reached, otherwise std::cv_status::no_timeout.

2,3) The latest result of pred() before returning to the caller.

Exceptions

1) Timeout-related exceptions.

2,3) Timeout-related exceptions, and any exception thrown by pred.

Notes

The standard recommends that the clock tied to abs_time be used to measure time; that clock is not required to be a monotonic clock. There are no guarantees regarding the behavior of this function if the clock is adjusted discontinuously, but the existing implementations convert abs_time from Clock to std::chrono::system_clock and delegate to POSIX pthread_cond_timedwait so that the wait honors adjustments to the system clock, but not to the user-provided Clock. In any case, the function also may wait for longer than until after abs_time has been reached due to scheduling or resource contention delays.

Even if the clock in use is std::chrono::steady_clock or another monotonic clock, a system clock adjustment may induce a spurious wakeup.

The effects of notify_one()/notify_all() and each of the three atomic parts of wait()/wait_for()/wait_until() (unlock+wait, wakeup, and lock) take place in a single total order that can be viewed as modification order of an atomic variable: the order is specific to this individual condition variable. This makes it impossible for notify_one() to, for example, be delayed and unblock a thread that started waiting just after the call to notify_one() was made.

Example

Run this code

#include <chrono>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
 
std::condition_variable_any cv;
std::mutex cv_m; // This mutex is used for three purposes:
                 // 1) to synchronize accesses to i
                 // 2) to synchronize accesses to std::cerr
                 // 3) for the condition variable cv
int i = 0;
 
void waits()
{
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
    std::cerr << "Waiting... \n";
    cv.wait(lk, []{ return i == 1; });
    std::cerr << "...finished waiting. i == 1\n";
}
 
void signals()
{
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
        std::cerr << "Notifying...\n";
    }
    cv.notify_all();
 
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
 
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
        i = 1;
        std::cerr << "Notifying again...\n";
    }
    cv.notify_all();
}
 
int main()
{
    std::thread t1(waits), t2(waits), t3(waits), t4(signals);
    t1.join(); 
    t2.join(); 
    t3.join();
    t4.join();
}

Possible output:

Waiting...
Waiting...
Waiting...
Notifying...
Notifying again...
...finished waiting. i == 1
...finished waiting. i == 1
...finished waiting. i == 1

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR	Applied to	Behavior as published	Correct behavior
LWG 2093	C++11	timeout-related exceptions were missing in the specification	mentions these exceptions
LWG 2114 (P2167R3)	C++11	convertibility to bool was too weak to reflect the expectation of implementations	requirements strengthened
LWG 2135	C++11	the behavior was unclear if lock.lock() throws an exception	calls std::terminate in this case

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Member functions
condition_variable_any::condition_variable_any
condition_variable_any::~condition_variable_any
Notification
condition_variable_any::notify_one
condition_variable_any::notify_all
Waiting
condition_variable_any::wait
condition_variable_any::wait_for
condition_variable_any::wait_until

wait	blocks the current thread until the condition variable is awakened (public member function)
wait_until	blocks the current thread until the condition variable is awakened or until specified time point has been reached (public member function)