std::round, std::roundf, std::roundl, std::lround, std::lroundf, std::lroundl, std::llround, std::llroundf

Defined in header `<cmath>`
Rounding to floating-point types
	(1)
float round ( float num ); double round ( double num ); long double round ( long double num );			(since C++11) (until C++23)
constexpr /* floating-point-type / round ( / floating-point-type */ num );			(since C++23)
float roundf( float num );		(2)	(since C++11) (constexpr since C++23)
long double roundl( long double num );		(3)	(since C++11) (constexpr since C++23)
Rounding to long
		(4)
long lround ( float num ); long lround ( double num ); long lround ( long double num );				(since C++11) (until C++23)
constexpr long lround( /* floating-point-type */ num );				(since C++23)
long lroundf( float num );			(5)	(since C++11) (constexpr since C++23)
long lroundl( long double num );			(6)	(since C++11) (constexpr since C++23)
Rounding to long long
			(7)
long long llround ( float num ); long long llround ( double num ); long long llround ( long double num );					(since C++11) (until C++23)
constexpr long long llround( /* floating-point-type */ num );					(since C++23)
long long llroundf( float num );				(8)	(since C++11) (constexpr since C++23)
long long llroundl( long double num );				(9)	(since C++11) (constexpr since C++23)
Additional overloads
Defined in header `<cmath>`
template< class Integer > double round( Integer num );				(A)	(since C++11) (constexpr since C++23)
template< class Integer > long lround( Integer num );				(B)	(since C++11) (constexpr since C++23)
template< class Integer > long long llround( Integer num );				(C)	(since C++11) (constexpr since C++23)

1-3) Computes the nearest integer value to num (in floating-point format), rounding halfway cases away from zero, regardless of the current rounding mode. The library provides overloads of std::round for all cv-unqualified floating-point types as the type of the parameter num.(since C++23)

4-9) Computes the nearest integer value to num (in integer format), rounding halfway cases away from zero, regardless of the current rounding mode. The library provides overloads of std::lround and std::llround for all cv-unqualified floating-point types as the type of the parameter num.(since C++23)

A-C) Additional overloads are provided for all integer types, which are treated as double.

Parameters

num

-

floating-point or integer value

Return value

If no errors occur, the nearest integer value to num, rounding halfway cases away from zero, is returned.

Return value

$math-round away zero.svg$

num

If a domain error occurs, an implementation-defined value is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling.

If the result of std::lround or std::llround is outside the range representable by the return type, a domain error or a range error may occur.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

For the std::round function:

The current rounding mode has no effect.
If num is ±∞, it is returned, unmodified.
If num is ±0, it is returned, unmodified.
If num is NaN, NaN is returned.

For std::lround and std::llround functions:

FE_INEXACT is never raised.
The current rounding mode has no effect.
If num is ±∞, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned.
If the result of the rounding is outside the range of the return type, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned.
If num is NaN, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned.

Notes

FE_INEXACT may be (but is not required to be) raised by std::round when rounding a non-integer finite value.

The largest representable floating-point values are exact integers in all standard floating-point formats, so std::round never overflows on its own; however the result may overflow any integer type (including std::intmax_t), when stored in an integer variable.

POSIX specifies that all cases where std::lround or std::llround raise FE_INEXACT are domain errors.

The double version of std::round behaves as if implemented as follows:

#include <cfenv>
#include <cmath>
 
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
 
double round(double x)
{
    const int save_round = std::fegetround();
    std::fesetround(FE_TOWARDZERO);
    const double result = std::rint(std::copysign(0.5 + std::fabs(x), x));
    std::fesetround(save_round);
    return result;
}

The additional overloads are not required to be provided exactly as (A-C). They only need to be sufficient to ensure that for their argument num of integer type:

std::round(num) has the same effect as std::round(static_cast<double>(num)).
std::lround(num) has the same effect as std::lround(static_cast<double>(num)).
std::llround(num) has the same effect as std::llround(static_cast<double>(num)).

Example

Run this code

#include <cassert>
#include <cfenv>
#include <cfloat>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
 
// #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
 
double custom_round(double x)
{
    const int save_round = std::fegetround();
    std::fesetround(FE_TOWARDZERO);
    const double result = std::rint(std::copysign(0.5 + std::fabs(x), x));
    std::fesetround(save_round);
    return result;
}
 
void test_custom_round()
{
    for (const double x :
        {
            0.0, 0.3,
            0.5 - DBL_EPSILON / 2,
            0.5,
            0.5 + DBL_EPSILON / 2,
            0.7, 1.0, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 3.0,
            static_cast<double>(INFINITY)
        })
        assert(round(+x) == custom_round(+x) && round(-x) == custom_round(-x));
}
 
int main()
{
    test_custom_round();
 
    std::cout << std::showpos;
 
    // round
    std::cout << "round(+2.3) = " << std::round(2.3)
              << "  round(+2.5) = " << std::round(2.5)
              << "  round(+2.7) = " << std::round(2.7) << '\n'
              << "round(-2.3) = " << std::round(-2.3)
              << "  round(-2.5) = " << std::round(-2.5)
              << "  round(-2.7) = " << std::round(-2.7) << '\n';
 
    std::cout << "round(-0.0) = " << std::round(-0.0)  << '\n'
              << "round(-Inf) = " << std::round(-INFINITY) << '\n';
 
    // lround
    std::cout << "lround(+2.3) = " << std::lround(2.3)
              << "  lround(+2.5) = " << std::lround(2.5)
              << "  lround(+2.7) = " << std::lround(2.7) << '\n'
              << "lround(-2.3) = " << std::lround(-2.3)
              << "  lround(-2.5) = " << std::lround(-2.5)
              << "  lround(-2.7) = " << std::lround(-2.7) << '\n';
 
    std::cout << "lround(-0.0) = " << std::lround(-0.0)  << '\n'
              << "lround(-Inf) = " << std::lround(-INFINITY) << '\n';
 
    // error handling
    std::feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
 
    std::cout << "std::lround(LONG_MAX+1.5) = "
              << std::lround(LONG_MAX + 1.5) << '\n';
    if (std::fetestexcept(FE_INVALID))
        std::cout << "    FE_INVALID was raised\n";
}

Possible output:

round(+2.3) = +2  round(+2.5) = +3  round(+2.7) = +3
round(-2.3) = -2  round(-2.5) = -3  round(-2.7) = -3
round(-0.0) = -0
round(-Inf) = -inf
lround(+2.3) = +2  lround(+2.5) = +3  lround(+2.7) = +3
lround(-2.3) = -2  lround(-2.5) = -3  lround(-2.7) = -3
lround(-0.0) = +0
lround(-Inf) = -9223372036854775808
std::lround(LONG_MAX+1.5) = -9223372036854775808
    FE_INVALID was raised

Compiler support
Freestanding and hosted
Language
Standard library
Standard library headers
Named requirements
Feature test macros (C++20)
Language support library
Concepts library (C++20)
Metaprogramming library (C++11)
Diagnostics library
General utilities library
Strings library
Containers library
Iterators library
Ranges library (C++20)
Algorithms library
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Execution support library (C++26)
Technical specifications
Symbols index
External libraries

floorfloorffloorl (C++11)(C++11)	nearest integer not greater than the given value (function)
ceilceilfceill (C++11)(C++11)	nearest integer not less than the given value (function)
trunctruncftruncl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value (function)
C documentation for round

std::round, std::roundf, std::roundl, std::lround, std::lroundf, std::lroundl, std::llround, std::llroundf

Parameters

Return value

Error handling

Notes

Example

See also

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