std::ctype<CharT>::toupper, std::ctype<CharT>::do_toupper
From cppreference.com
| Defined in header <locale>
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| public: CharT toupper( CharT c ) const; |
(1) | |
| public: const CharT* toupper( CharT* beg, const CharT* end ) const; |
(2) | |
| protected: virtual CharT do_toupper( CharT c ) const; |
(3) | |
| protected: virtual const CharT* do_toupper( CharT* beg, const CharT* end ) const; |
(4) | |
1,2) Public member function, calls the protected virtual member function
do_toupper of the most derived class.3) Converts the character c to upper case if an upper case form is defined by this locale.
4) For every character in the character array
[beg, end), for which an upper case form exists, replaces the character with that upper case form.Parameters
| c | - | character to convert |
| beg | - | pointer to the first character in an array of characters to convert |
| end | - | one past the end pointer for the array of characters to convert |
Return value
1,3) Upper case character or c if no upper case form is listed by this locale.
2,4) end
Notes
Only 1:1 character mapping can be performed by this function, e.g. the uppercase form of 'ß' is the two-character string "SS" (with some exceptions - see «Capital ẞ»), which cannot be obtained by do_toupper.
Example
Run this code
#include <iostream> #include <locale> void try_upper(const std::ctype<wchar_t>& f, wchar_t c) { wchar_t up = f.toupper(c); if (up != c) std::wcout << "Upper case form of \'" << c << "' is " << up << '\n'; else std::wcout << '\'' << c << "' has no upper case form\n"; } int main() { std::locale::global(std::locale("en_US.utf8")); std::wcout.imbue(std::locale()); std::wcout << "In US English UTF-8 locale:\n"; auto& f = std::use_facet<std::ctype<wchar_t>>(std::locale()); try_upper(f, L's'); try_upper(f, L'ſ'); try_upper(f, L'δ'); try_upper(f, L'ö'); try_upper(f, L'ß'); std::wstring str = L"Hello, World!"; std::wcout << "Uppercase form of the string '" << str << "' is "; f.toupper(&str[0], &str[0] + str.size()); std::wcout << '\'' << str << "'\n"; }
Output:
In US English UTF-8 locale: Upper case form of 's' is S Upper case form of 'ſ' is S Upper case form of 'δ' is Δ Upper case form of 'ö' is Ö 'ß' has no upper case form Uppercase form of the string 'Hello, World!' is 'HELLO, WORLD!'
See also
invokes do_tolower (public member function) | |
| converts a character to uppercase (function) | |
| converts a wide character to uppercase (function) |