std::clock

Defined in header `<ctime>`
std::clock_t clock();

Returns the approximate processor time used by the process since the beginning of an implementation-defined era related to the program's execution. To convert result value to seconds divide it by CLOCKS_PER_SEC.

Only the difference between two values returned by different calls to std::clock is meaningful, as the beginning of the std::clock era does not have to coincide with the start of the program. std::clock time may advance faster or slower than the wall clock, depending on the execution resources given to the program by the operating system. For example, if the CPU is shared by other processes, std::clock time may advance slower than wall clock. On the other hand, if the current process is multithreaded and more than one execution core is available, std::clock time may advance faster than wall clock.

Parameters

(none)

Return value

Processor time used by the program so far or (clock_t)(-1) if that information is unavailable or its value cannot be represented.

Exceptions

(none)

Notes

On POSIX-compatible systems, clock_gettime with clock id CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID offers better resolution.

The value returned by clock() may wrap around on some implementations. For example, on a machine with 32-bit std::clock_t, it wraps after 2147 seconds or 36 minutes.

Example

This example demonstrates the difference between clock() time and real time

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <chrono>
#include <ctime>
#include <thread>
 
// the function f() does some time-consuming work
void f()
{
    volatile double d = 0;
    for(int n=0; n<10000; ++n)
       for(int m=0; m<10000; ++m)
           d += d*n*m;
}
 
int main()
{
    std::clock_t c_start = std::clock();
    auto t_start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
    std::thread t1(f);
    std::thread t2(f); // f() is called on two threads
    t1.join();
    t2.join();
    std::clock_t c_end = std::clock();
    auto t_end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
 
    std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << "CPU time used: "
              << 1000.0 * (c_end-c_start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " ms\n"
              << "Wall clock time passed: "
              << std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(t_end-t_start).count()
              << " ms\n";
}

Output:

CPU time used: 1590.00 ms
Wall clock time passed: 808.23 ms

Language
Standard library headers
Concepts
Utilities library
Strings library
Containers library
Algorithms library
Iterators library
Numerics library
Input/output library
Localizations library
Regular expressions library (C++11)
Atomic operations library (C++11)
Thread support library (C++11)
Filesystem library (C++17)
Technical Specifications

Type support (basic types, RTTI, type traits)
Dynamic memory management
Error handling
Program utilities
Variadic functions
Date and time
Function objects
initializer_list (C++11)
bitset
hash (C++11)
Relational operators
rel_ops::operator!=rel_ops::operator>rel_ops::operator<=rel_ops::operator>=
`optional`, `any` and `variant` (C++17)
optional
any
variant
in_placein_place_typein_place_indexin_place_tin_place_type_tin_place_index_t
Pairs and tuples
pair
tuple (C++11)
apply (C++17)
make_from_tuple (C++17)
piecewise_construct_t (C++11)
piecewise_construct (C++11)
integer_sequence (C++14)
Swap, forward and move
swap
exchange (C++14)
forward (C++11)
move (C++11)
move_if_noexcept (C++11)
Elementary string conversions
to_chars (C++17)
from_chars (C++17)
chars_format (C++17)
Type operations
declval (C++11)
as_const (C++17)

time_point (C++11)
duration (C++11)
system_clock (C++11)
steady_clock (C++11)
high_resolution_clock (C++11)
C-style date and time

Functions
Time manipulation
difftime
time
clock
timespec_get (C++17)
Format conversions
asctime
ctime
strftime
wcsftime
gmtime
localtime
mktime
Constants
CLOCKS_PER_SEC
Types
tm
time_t
clock_t
timespec (C++17)